Training a cat to pee outside isn’t about commands—it’s about creating the perfect outdoor toilet that aligns with their instincts. Cats evolved from the African wildcat, which used sandy, open spaces to bury waste and avoid predators. While our pet cats don’t face the same dangers, they still need specific toileting conditions to feel comfortable.
Your backyard likely doesn’t mimic the African savannah, and the key isn’t traditional “training” but encouraging outdoor toileting by setting up the right environment. With some adjustments, you can create an environment that encourages this natural habit. Here’s how you can help your feline friend transition to an outdoor potty routine.
Gather Supplies
Setting up an outdoor toilet for your cat doesn’t require much, but a few key items will make the process smoother:
- Cat Door: Install a cat door to give your cat unrestricted access to the outdoor toilet whenever they need it, even if you’re not home.
- Digging Material: The most important element is providing suitable material for your cat to bury their waste. Fine play sand or soil works well because it’s easy for cats to dig. Choose a material that mimics their litter box.
- Litter Tray or Dug Toilet: You can place a litter tray outdoors and fill it with sand or soil, or dig a toilet directly into the ground. Make the toilet area at least the size of a standard litter tray, but bigger is even better.
- Weatherproof Setup: Ensure the toilet is usable year-round. Sand drains well, but if it freezes in winter, you’ll need to provide an alternative, such as a covered or indoor litter box, to maintain consistency for your cat.
- Wooden Frame (Optional): Surround the toilet area with a wooden frame to keep the material contained. This prevents the sand or soil from spreading and reduces your cleanup effort.
Designate an Area
To encourage your cat to pee and poop outside, choose a spot that feels safe, familiar, and meets their natural preferences. Start with softer soil or sand, as cats prefer digging in textures similar to their litter box. Hard surfaces like concrete won’t appeal to them.
Find a quiet location where your cat won’t feel overstimulated. Noise or sudden activity can make them feel vulnerable and hesitant to settle. If they feel like they need to run at any moment, they won’t relax enough to use the area.
Consider a familiar space close to home, like a section of your garden or a park your cat visits regularly. Being in a known environment can help your cat feel secure. For added comfort, position the toilet area near the house but at the garden’s edge and surround it with plants or shrubs for privacy.
Encourage your cat to use the designated area by sprinkling a small amount of their used litter or feces on top of the sand or soil. The familiar scent will signal that this is an acceptable location for them to do their business.
Guide and Encourage Your Cat Go to the Outdoor Potty
Transitioning your cat to an outdoor toilet takes time and patience. Here’s how to guide them step by step:
- Transition Gradually: If your cat is hesitant to use the new outdoor spot, start by moving their indoor litter box closer to the cat door over a few days. Then place it outside, progressively shifting it toward the designated area. This process typically takes 7 to 10 days, so don’t rush.
- Observe and Respond: Watch for signs that your cat needs to go, such as meowing, digging on surfaces, or squatting. When you notice these behaviors, gently pick them up and place them in the outdoor litter area. Repeat this consistently until they associate the new location with toileting.
- Time It Right: Cats are more likely to adapt to outdoor toileting during warm, dry weather. Winter months may make the transition harder, so consider adding a shelter or windbreak around the toilet area to protect your cat from cold or wind.
- Positive Reinforcement: Reward your cat with treats, toys, or praise whenever they use the outdoor toilet. Positive reinforcement encourages good behavior without stress. Never use punishment—it can create fear and make the process more challenging.
- Cat Door Training: If your cat struggles with the cat door, use treats to entice them. Start with the door open, tossing treats just outside so they pop their head through. Gradually move the treats farther away, encouraging them to step through. For cats hesitant to push the door open, hold it slightly ajar and slowly reduce the opening size as they become more confident.
Clean-up and Maintenance
Once your cat has successfully transitioned to using the outdoor litter area, it’s important to keep it clean and maintained. Scoop out waste once or twice a week to ensure the spot stays clean and inviting. Cats are naturally tidy creatures, and a dirty area may discourage them from using it.
Keep Their Indoor Toilet
Transitioning to outdoor toileting can take time, so don’t remove or alter your cat’s current indoor toilet. Always leave it available as an option. Having the choice ensures your cat feels secure and reduces the risk of accidents elsewhere. If the outdoor setup meets their needs, they’ll likely start using it on their own over time.
More Tips for Transitioning Your Cat to an Indoor/Outdoor Lifestyle
Helping your cat adapt to an indoor/outdoor routine can enrich their life while keeping them safe. Here are key tips to ensure a smooth transition:
Feeding Routine
- Always feed your cat indoors to avoid attracting wildlife or stray animals.
- Stick to a regular feeding schedule so your cat learns to associate coming inside with mealtime.
Consistent Routine
- Let your cat out at the same time each day and always bring them in before dark.
- Avoid nighttime outdoor access to protect them from predators and other risks.
Safety Measures
- Ensure your cat wears a collar with an ID tag or, better yet, has a microchip.
- Use the same door for outdoor access, preferably one with good visibility or away from busy areas.
- Keep your dog separated from your cat’s outdoor comings and goings to avoid scaring them away.
Community and Veterinary Care
- Introduce your cat to neighbors so they recognize your pet and can alert you if needed.
- Schedule regular vet visits and ensure your cat stays up-to-date on vaccinations, deworming, and flea treatments.
- Discuss specific preventatives for outdoor cats, such as Feline Leukemia and Rabies vaccines, with your veterinarian.
Seasonal and Safety Considerations
- Avoid letting your cat out during extreme weather conditions, such as intense heat or cold.
- Be mindful of risks like cars, poisons, and other animals that might harm your cat.
Extra Precautions for Declawed Cats
Declawed cats face additional challenges outside. If your cat is declawed, consider keeping them as an indoor-only pet for their safety.
By taking these steps and maintaining a consistent routine, you’ll help your cat enjoy the benefits of outdoor exploration while minimizing risks to their health and safety.